Milk Thistle Seed Chemical Constituents

I just went to Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases www.ars-grin.gov. Here is what I found for Milk Thistle Seed which includes the chemical constituents followed by their medicinal properties and where applicable, the dosage range that is recommended and/or used in studies and/or amount found in concentration:

Non-Ubiquitous Phytochemicals Present in Milk Thistle Seed:

SILYMARIN - 7,000 ppm:
Anticirrhotic 450 mg/man/day ; Antidiabetic 600 mg/man/day ; Antierythemic; Antihepatotic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukotriene; Antilipoperoxidant IC76=50 ; Antioxidant 10 x tocopherol ; Antiulcer 50-100 mg/kg ; Antiviral; Glutathionigenic; Hepatoprotective 50 mg/kg ivn mus ; Hypolipidemic; Laxative; Proteinogenic; Sunscreen

HISTAMINE:
Allergenic; Antichilblain; AntiMeniere's; Antimigraine; Bronchoconstrictor; Bronchostimulant; Cardiovascular 0.15 mg/kg ivn rbt ; Gastrostimulant; Histaminic Antidote:Adrenaline ; Hypotensive; Irritant; Myostimulant; Radioprotective; Secretogogue; Spasmogenic; Tachycardic; Ulcerogenic 100 mg/kg ipr rat ; Vasodilator

KAEMPFEROL:
11B-HSD-Inhibitor; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20 ; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM ; Antiaflatoxin IC50=3.28 ppm IC50=8.73 uM ; Antiaggregant 30 uM ; Antiallergic; Antibacterial 20 ug/ml ; Anticancer; Antifertility 250 mg/kg day/60 days/orl rat ; Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml ; Antiherpetic 23-92 ug/ml ; Antihistaminic; Antiimplantation; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg 200 mg/kg ipr rat ; Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml ; Antilymphocytic; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM ; Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin IC50=1.2 ug/ml IC50=40 uM ; Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml ; Antiplaque; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin ; Antiseptic 20 ug/ml ; Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat ; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat ; Antiviral 23-92 ug/ml ; Apoptotic 60 uM ; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l ; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Choleretic; Copper-Chelator; COX-2-Inhibitor; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20 ; Cytotoxic; Diaphoretic?; Diuretic; Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l EC50=0.56 uM ; Hepatoprotective IC50=1.30 ppm IC50=5.46 uM ; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml ; Hypotensive; Inotropic; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; MAO-Inhibitor; Mutagenic; Natriuretic; Neuroprotective; PAF-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Protisticide; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM ; Teratologic; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=230 uM ; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l ; Vasodilator

QUERCETIN:
11B-HSD-Inhibitor; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=4 ; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM 4 ug/ml IC50=0.344 uM IC50=0.84 ug/ml cow ; Allelochemic IC82=1 mM ; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiaflatoxin IC50=25 uM IC50=7.5 ppm ; Antiaggregant 30 uM IC50=55 uM ; Antiallergic IC50=14 uM ; Antialzheimeran; Antianaphylactic; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticarcinomic (Breast) IC50=1.5 uM ; Anticariogenic ID50=120 ug/ml ; Anticataract; Anticolitic 400 mg/man/3x/day ; Anticomplementary; AntiCrohn's; Anticystitic 1,000 mg/day/4 weeks ; Antidermatitic; Antidiabetic; Antielastase IC50=0.8 ug/ml ; Antiencephalitic; Antiescherichic; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet ; Antifibrosarcomic; Antiflu; Antigastric; Antigonadotropic; AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/ml ; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 48-150 ug/ml ; Antihistaminic IC50=<10 uM ; AntiHIV; Antihydrophobic; Antihypertensive; Antiinflammatory 20-150 mg/kg ; Antileishmanic IC50=64 ; Antileukemic 5.5-60 uM IC50=10 uM IC50=>10 ug/ml ; Antileukotriene; Antilipoperoxidant IC67=50 ; Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4 ug/ml ; Antimelanomic; Antimetastatic; Antimutagenic ID50=2-5 nM ; Antimyocarditic; Antinitrosaminic; Antinociceptive; Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. E ED50=2.3 uM IC47=10 uM IC96=300 ppm ; Antipancreatitic; Antiperiodontal; Antipermeability; Antiperoxidant; Antipharyngitic; Antiplaque; Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64 ; AntiPMS 500 mg/2x/day/wmn ; Antipodriac; Antipolio; Antiproliferant 10 nM ; Antiprostanoid; Antiprostatitic; Antipsoriac; Antiradicular IC50=4.6 uM ; Antispasmodic; Antistreptococcic ID50=120 ug/ml ; Antithiamin; Antithrombic; Antitrypanosomic IC50=13 ; Antitumor 10 uM ; Antitumor (Bladder); Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Ovary); Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM ; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer; Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml IC50=10 uM ; Apoptotic 20-60 uM ; ATPase-Inhibitor; Bacteristat 10 mg/ml ; Bradycardiac; Calmodulin-Antagonist; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Capillariprotective; Carcinogenic 40,000 ppm (diet) mus ; Catabolic; COMT-Inhibitor; Copper-Chelator; COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor; Cytotoxic ED50=70 ug/ml IC82=100 ug/ml ; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Diaphoretic?; Differentiator 5.5 uM ; Estrogenic 10% genistein ; Fungicide; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml ; Hemostat; Hepatomagenic 5,000 ppm (diet) rat ; Hepatoprotective; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1 ug/ml ; Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kg orl rat ; Inotropic; Insulinogenic; Juvabional; Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=1.25 mM IC50=0.1-5 uM ; MAO-A-Inhibitor; Mast-Cell-Stabilizer; Metal-Chelator (Copper); Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM ; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM ; Mutagenic; NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor; NEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM ; Neuroprotective 5-25 uM ; NO-Inhibitor IC>50=125 uM ; NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM ; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uM ; P450-Inducer 5 uM ; P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM ; Pesticide; Phospholipase-Inhibitor; Plasmodicide; Proliferant; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml ; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor; PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uM ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uM 6 uM ; Teratologic; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8 ug/ml IC50=42 uM ; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9 ug/ml IC50=23-40 uM ; Tumorigenic 0.1% diet orl rat/yr ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=70 uM ; Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor; Vasodilator; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4 ug/ml

SILYCHRISTIN:
Hepatoprotective

TAXIFOLIN:
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 60 uM pig ; Antibacterial; Anticomplementary 1/3 aspirin ; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic; Antiinflammatory; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant; Antitumor; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; Oxidase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; RNA-genic

TYRAMINE:
Adrenergic; Antiaggregant; Cardiovascular 0.8 ivn cat 30 mg/kg scu mus ; Hypertensive; Insectifuge; Neurotoxic 1 mg/kg ivn dog ; Pesticide; Sympathomimetic; Vasoconstrictor; Vasopressor
Ubiquitous chemicals not included in analysis
ppm = parts per million
tr = trace

Phytochemical Database, USDA - ARS - NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland Thu Feb 26 20:54:36 EST 2004